• The administrative expenditure provided for in Article 78;
• The non repayable aid towards readaptation provided for in Article 56;
• In the case of the financing arrangements provided for in Articles 54 and 56, and after  recourse to the reserve fund, any portion of the amounts required for servicing loans  raised by the Commission which may not be covered by receipts from the servicing of  loans granted by it, and any payments to be made under guarantees granted by the  Commission on loans contracted directly by undertakings;
• Expenditure on the promotion of technical and economic research as provided for in  Article 55( 2 ).

2. The levies shall be assessed annually on the various products according to their average  value; the rate thereof shall not, however, exceed 1% unless previously authorized by the  Council, acting by a two thirds majority. The mode of assessment and collection shall be  determined by a general decision of the Commission taken after consulting the Council;  cumulative imposition shall be avoided as far as possible.

3. The Commission may impose upon undertakings, which do not comply with decisions  taken by it under this Article surcharges of not more than 5% for each quarter's delay.

Article 51

1.The Commission may not use. the funds obtained by borrowing except to grant loans.

The issue of loans by the Commission on the markets of Member States shall be subject to the  rules and regulations in force on these markets.

If the Commission considers the guarantee of Member States necessary in order to contract  certain loans, it shall approach the government or governments concerned after consulting the  Council; no State shall be obliged to give its guarantee.

2.The Commission may, as provided in Article 54, guarantee loans granted direct to  undertakings by third parties.

3.The Commission may so determine its conditions for loans or guarantees as to enable a  reserve fund to be built up for the sole purpose of reducing whatever amounts may have to be  paid out of the levies in accordance with the third subparagraph of Article 50(1); the sums  thus accumulated must not however, be used for any form of lending to undertakings.

4.The Commission shall not itself engage in the banking operations which its financial tasks  entail.

Article 52

Member States shall make all appropriate arrangements to enable transfers of funds derived  from the levies, from pecuniary sanctions and periodic penalty payments and from the reserve  fund to be effected within the territories referred to in the first paragraph of Article 79 in  accordance with the procedure for commercial payments, to the extent necessary to make it  possible for them to be used for the purposes intended by this Treaty.

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