Article 40

1. Member States shall develop the common agricultural policy by degrees during  the transitional period and shall bring it into force by the end of that period at the latest.

2. In order to attain the objectives set out in Article 39a common organization of  agricultural markets shall be established.

This organization shall take one of the following forms, depending on the product  concerned:
a. common rules on competition;
b. compulsory coordination of the various national market organizations;
c. a European market organization.

3. The common organization established in accordance with paragraph 2 may  include all measures required to attain the objectives set out in Article 39, in  particular regulation of prices, aids for the production and marketing of the various   products, storage and carryover arrangements and common machinery for stabilizing  imports or exports.

The common organization shall be limited to pursuit of the objectives set out in  Article 39 and shall exclude any discrimination between producers or consumers  within the Community.

Any common price policy shall be based on common criteria and uniform methods of  calculation.

4. In order to enable the common organization referred to in paragraph 2 to attain its  objectives, one or more agricultural guidance and guarantee funds may be set up.

Article 41

To enable the objectives set out in Article 39 to be attained, provision may be made  within the framework of the common agricultural policy for measures such as:

a. an effective coordination of efforts in the spheres of vocational training, of  research and of the dissemination of agricultural knowledge; this may include  joint financing of projects or institutions;
b. joint measures to promote consumption of certain products.

Article 42

The provisions of the Chapter relating to rules on competition shall apply to  production of and trade in agricultural products only to the extent determined by the  Council within the framework of Article 43( 2 ) and ( 3 ) and in accordance with the  procedure laid down therein, account being taken of the objectives set out in Article  39.

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